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Torsion Springs
Torsion springs are often suited to situations where torque is applied from two directions, as they are designed to offer resistance to externally applied pressures. Torsion refers to the twisting action of the coils. Although the wire itself is subjected to bending stresses rather than torsionally applied stresses. These springs perform at a maximum when supported over a tube or rod.
A torsion spring can be closed or open wound and are usually designed to wind up. As a torsion spring winds up, the coil diameter will decrease and the body length will increase. Though this type of spring is most often made of round wire, we are capable of producing parts out of:
- round wire
- square wire
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- rectangular wire
- special section wire |
Our material size range for these coil springs is .004-inches to 2.0-inches.
Newcomb Spring's production capabilities for these coil springs can fill almost any client need, from a simple straight leg or a close wound spring for a clothes pin to a unique example of a double torsion spring, where one right coil section and one left coil section are connected and work in parallel.
With new manufacturing techniques, torsion end positions can be held to surprisingly close tolerances. Older design free angle tolerances often do not apply. Our facilities' modern forming machinery and production techniques allow for an infinite variety of torsion spring end shapes. When specifications call for very long spring legs, we recommend discussing your requirements with a Newcomb sales engineer. Our staff can verify manufacturing capabilities and will work to keep your production costs as low as possible. Spring ends can be:
- bent
- twisted |
- hooked
- looped to suit your project needs. |
It is important to consider the direction of loading when designing bends or forms off a spring's body or in spring legs. Favorable residual stresses can be created when bends are loaded in a direction that reduces the radius or curvature.
Basic Design Formulas for Torsion Springs
Note: The constants 10.8 and 6.6 generate results close to actual versus other theoretical values. |
| Round Wire |
Rectangular Wire
Wound on Flat |
Rectangular Wire
Wound on Edge |
Square Wire |
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| S = | 32M
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| . |  d3 |
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D = Mean Coil Diameter (in. or mm)
d = Diameter of Round Wire (in. or mm.)
Nt = Number of Coils
E = Modulus of Elasticity (psi or MPa)
T = Deflection, number of turns or revolutions of spring |
M = Moment or Torque (lb in or Nmm)
b = Width (in. or mm)
t = Thickness (in. or mm)
S = Bending Stress*, (psi or MPa)
*(Typically the maximum design stress is 75%
of the minimum tensile strength of the material.) |
Our nine state-of-the-art ISO-certified manufacturing facilities are ready to offer design assistance, custom-package your spring and wire form part and ensure the springs we produce are 100% compliant to your specifications. Though we can manufacture coil springs, wire forms and stamped parts using virtually any material, the standard materials we use in the spring manufacturing process are:
- spring steel
- high carbon steel
- low carbon steel
- nickel plated carbon steel
- stainless alloys
- non-ferrous metals |
- elgiloy
- hastelloy
- monel
- inconel
- titanium |
As with all Newcomb Spring produced parts, we can customize and manufacture any component to fit your needs. We offer great prices, the highest quality and a quick turnaround and have provided customers with total satisfaction for over 100 years. Contact us today, or submit a quote request online, and experience the
Newcomb Spring difference for yourself.
Click here to request a torsion spring manufacturing quote.
Newcomb Spring is a founding member of the Spring Manufacturer's Institute. Some content here has been used with permission of the SMI.
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The type of ends and installation affect spring load and deflection,
as shown below. All torsion springs have 3 or more points of contact
with at least two at the ends and
one at the arbor. 
Point (A) rotates in
an arc about the
center of the shaft.
 
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Download QuickTime | |
